Basalts give strong rich clays, with a considerable amount of lime and some phosphoric acid. Limestone soils are often shallow and warm, and yield a very nutritious vegetation. Some limestones yield a small percentage of phosphoric acid, and the soils formed from them arc in consequence greatly enriched. Soils derived from limestone are sometimes deficient in lime, for this is removed as a bicarbonate, and only the clayey impurity of the lime is left. Silurian grits and shales yield soils which vary according to the predominance of one or the other rock. Where sandstones are in great abundance, the soils are usually fine, and vegetation thrives.
